Holding a pepper in your hand doesn’t feel any different than holding a piece of fruit, right? Now take that same pepper and put it to your lips or on your tongue, you will feel the heat!
The capsaicin in a pepper reacts with the nerve endings in your mucous membranes that are responsive to heat and cold. That is why your mouth will burn when eating a spicy pepper.
Capsaicin is the same component that makes peppers seem hot, its effectiveness is calculated in Scoville heat units (SHU) a heat scale that is used to figure the heat intensity of peppers. The whole heat level is derived on the quantity of capsaicin exists. On average pepper spray is rated between 500,000 and 5,000,000 SHU. To give a comparison, a Jalapeno pepper is approximately 8,000 SHU. Other types of hot peppers rate close to 350,000 SHU.
The harshness effects of pepper sprays will vary depending on the quantity of pepper spray that is used, the potency of the spray and where it's sprayed. If sprayed precisely into someone’s face, the effects will probably be more powerful and/or longer-lasting.
A person who is sprayed in the face with pepper sprays, would instantly feel burning in the eyes, nose and mouth, and perhaps in the throat and on the skin area. The burning sensation can last anywhere from 45 to 60 minutes if it isn’t treated right away. The eyes will become aggravated and most likely will swell shut, temporary blindness that can last 15 to 30 minutes. Coughing and difficulty breathing as your throat swells might also occur and can last from 3 to 15 minutes.
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